Caalamka oo dhan ayaa loo aqoonsaday inay tahay "Marwada Koowaad ee Heesta", Ella Fitzgerald waxaa lagu doodi karaa inay tahay mid ka mid ah cod-yaqaannada ugu weyn ee dumarka ah ee abid soo mara. Fitzgerald oo leh cod aad u sarreeya, qaamuus ballaadhan iyo qaamuus qumman, Fitzgerald waxa kale oo ay lahayd dareen qallafsan, iyo farsamadeeda heeseed ee quruxda badan waxa ay la hor istaagi kartaa mid kasta oo asaageed ah.
Waxay markii hore heshay caannimo iyada oo xubin ka ah koox uu abaabulay durbaan-yaqaan Chick Webb 1930-meeyadii. Si wada jir ah waxay u duubeen garaacista "A-Tisket, A-Tasket", ka dibna 1940-meeyadii, Ella waxay heshay aqoonsi ballaaran iyada oo ay uga mahadcelineyso bandhigeeda jazz ee Jazz ee kooxaha Philharmonic iyo Dizzy Gillespie's Big Band.
La shaqaynta soo saaraha iyo maamulaha wakhti-dhiman Norman Grantz, waxay ku heshay aqoonsi dheeraad ah albamkeeda taxanaha ah ee laga sameeyay istuudiyaha duubista ee Verve. Istuudiyaha wuxuu la shaqeeyay laxamiistayaal kala duwan, waxa loogu yeero "Great American Songwriters".
Shaqadeeda 50-sano ah, Ella Fitzgerald waxay heshay 13 Abaalmarinno Grammy ah, waxay iibisay in ka badan 40 milyan oo albums, waxayna heshay abaal-marinno badan oo ay ku jiraan billadda Fanka Qaranka iyo Billadda Madax-bannaanida ee Madax-bannaanida.
Fitzgerald, oo ah shakhsi dhaqameed aad muhiim u ah, ayaa saamayn aan la qiyaasi karin ku yeeshay horumarinta jazzka iyo muusiga caanka ah waxayna weli gogol u tahay taageerayaasha iyo fanaaniinta tobannaan sano ka dib markii ay ka baxday masraxa.
Siday gabadhu uga badbaaday dhib iyo khasaare aad u xun
Fitzgerald wuxuu ku dhashay 1917 Newport News, Virginia. Waxay ku soo kortay qoys heersare ah oo ku sugan Yonkers, New York. Waalidkeed waxay kala tageen wax yar ka dib dhalashadooda, waxaana si weyn u soo korisay hooyadeed Temperance "Tempy" Fitzgerald iyo hooyada saaxiibkeed Joseph "Joe" Da Silva.
Gabadhu waxay sidoo kale lahayd walaashii ka yar, Frances, oo ku dhalatay 1923. Si qoyska looga caawiyo dhaqaale ahaan, Fitzgerald wuxuu inta badan lacag ka heli jiray shaqooyin aan caadi ahayn, oo ay ku jiraan marmar samaynta lacag uu ku sharmayo khamaarka maxalliga ah.
Kalsooni xad dhaaf ah oo da'yar ah, Ella waxay ahayd mid firfircoon ciyaaraha waxayna inta badan ciyaari jirtay ciyaaraha baseball-ka. Saamayn ay ku yeelatay hooyadeed, waxay sidoo kale ku raaxaysatay heesaha iyo qoob ka ciyaarka, waxayna ku qaadatay saacado badan inay ku heesato diiwaannada Bing Crosby, Conna Boswell iyo walaalaha Boswell. Gabadha ayaa sidoo kale inta badan raacda tareenka oo aaday magaalo u dhow si ay u daawato bandhig ay saaxiibo kula jirtay Masraxa Apollo ee Harlem.
Sanadkii 1932, hooyadeed waxay u dhimatay dhaawac ka soo gaaray shil baabuur. Isagoo aad uga naxay khasaaraha, Fitzgerald waxa uu soo maray xaalad adag. Dabadeed si joogto ah ayay dugsiga uga boodi jirtay oo ay dhibaato kala kulantay booliiska.
Ka dib waxaa loo diray dugsi dib u habayn, halkaas oo Ella ay ku xad-gudbeen mas'uuliyiinteeda. Ugu dambayntii iyada oo ka xorowday xabsiga, waxay ku dhammaatay New York iyada oo ku dhex jirta Niyad-jabka Weyn.
In kasta oo ay jiraan dhammaan dhibaatooyinka, Ella Fitzgerald way shaqeysay sababtoo ah waxay raacday riyadeeda iyo jacaylka aan la qiyaasi karin ee waxqabadka.
Tartamada iyo guulihii Ella Fitzgerald
Sannadkii 1934-kii, waxay gashay oo ku guulaysatay tartan hiwaayadda ah ee Apollo, iyada oo ku heesaysa "Judy" ee Hody Carmichael ee qaabka sanamkeeda, Conne Boswell. Saxophonist Benny Carter waxa uu la joogay kooxda fiidkaas, isaga oo ka hoos qaatay cod-qaadistihii da'da yaraa ee garabkiisa ku jiray kuna dhiirigeliyay in ay sii wadato shaqadeeda.
Tartamo badan ayaa soo raacay, 1935-kii Fitzgerald wuxuu ku guuleystay ganacsi toddobaadle ah Teeny Bradshaw ee Harlem Opera House. Halkaa waxay kula kulantay durbaan-yaqaanka saamaynta leh ee Chick Webb, kaas oo ogolaaday inuu isku dayo iyada iyo kooxdiisii Yale. Waxay soo jiidatay dadkii isugu soo baxay waxayna dhowrkii sano ee soo socda la qaadatay nin durbaan tumay oo noqday ilaaliyeheeda sharciga ah oo dib u habeyn ku sameeyay bandhigiisa si uu uga dhex muuqdo fannaanka da'da yar.
Caannimada kooxda ayaa si aad ah ula kortay Fitzgeralds markii ay ku guuleysteen dagaalkii Savoy ee guutooyinka, waxayna sii daayeen shaqooyin taxane ah oo ku saabsan Decca 78s, iyagoo garaacay "A Tisket-A-Tasket" 1938 iyo B-dhinaca hal "T'aint". Waxa aad Samayso (waa Habka aad u Samayso)), iyo sidoo kale "Liza" iyo "Aan go'aansan".
Markii fannaanka shaqadiisu sii korodhay, caafimaadka Webb wuxuu bilaabay inuu ka sii daro. Soddonaadkii, durbaan- garaaca, oo la halgamayay tiibishada laf-dhabarka ee lagu dhasho noloshiisa oo dhan, dhab ahaantii waa la daalaa dhacayaa daal ka dib markii uu ciyaaray bandhigyo toos ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuu sii waday shaqada, isagoo rajeynaya in kooxdiisu ay sii wadi doonto waxqabadka inta lagu jiro Niyad-jabka Weyn.
Sannadkii 1939-kii, wax yar ka dib qalliin weyn oo lagu sameeyay Isbitaalka Johns Hopkins ee Baltimore, Maryland, Webb wuu dhintay. Ka dib dhimashadiisa, Fitzgerald waxay sii waday inay hogaamiso kooxdeeda guulo waaweyn ilaa 1941, markaasoo ay go'aansatay inay bilawdo xirfad kali ah.
Rikoorada cusub ee la garaacay
Isagoo weli ku jira calaamadda Decca, Fitzgerald wuxuu sidoo kale la shaqeeyay Spots-ka Khadka, Louis Jordan iyo Delta Rhythm Boys dhowr hits. Sannadkii 1946-kii, Ella Fitzgerald waxay si joogto ah ugu shaqeysay maamulaha jazz Norman Grantz ee Philharmonic.
Inkasta oo Fitzgerald inta badan loo arko inuu yahay cod-yaqaan pop ah inta lagu jiro wakhtigeeda Webb, waxay bilowday inay tijaabiso heesaha "scat". Farsamadan waxa loo adeegsadaa jazz marka uu jilaagu ku daydo qalabka muusiga codkiisa.
Fitzgerald waxa uu ku soo booqday koox weyn oo Dizzy Gillespie ah waxana uu isla markiiba qaatay bebop (qaabka jazzka) oo qayb muhiim ah ka ah sawirkeeda. Fanaanada ayaa sidoo kale waxa ay ku qastay barnaamijyadeeda si toos ah oo ay ku soo kordhisay heeso qalab ah, taasi oo ka yaabisay dadkii ka soo qeyb galay xaflada, xushmadna ay ka heshay fanaaniinteeda.
Duubista "Lady Be Good", "Sidee u Sarreysa Dayaxa" iyo "Duulida Guriga" laga soo bilaabo 1945-1947 ayaa loo sii daayay si weyn oo loogu riyaaqay waxayna ka caawisay adkeynta xaaladdeeda sidii cod-weyne jazz ah.
Nolosha shakhsi ahaaneed waxaa lagu daraa shaqada Ella Fitzgerald
Iyadoo la shaqeyneysa Gillespie, waxay la kulantay bassist Ray Brown oo guursaday. Ray wuxuu la noolaa Ella laga bilaabo 1947 ilaa 1953, taas oo heesaagu si joogta ah ula soo shaqeeyay saddexdeeda. Lammaanuhu waxay sidoo kale korsadeen wiil, Ray Brown Jr. (wuxuu u dhashay Fitzgerald walaashii Francis ee 1949), kaas oo sii watay xirfaddiisa sidii pianist iyo cod-qaade.
Sannadkii 1951-kii, heesaagu wuxuu la midoobay pianist Ellis Larkins oo loogu talagalay albumka Ella Sings Gershwin, halkaas oo ay u fasirtay heesaha George Gershwin.
Calaamad cusub - Verve
Ka dib markii ay ka soo muuqatay filimka Pete Kelly The Blues ee 1955, Fitzgerald waxay la saxiixatay Norman Granz's Verve calaamad. Maamuleheedii mudada dheer Granz wuxuu si gaar ah u soo jeediyay Verve ujeedada kaliya ee ah inay si wanaagsan u soo bandhigto codkeeda.
Laga bilaabo 1956 iyada oo leh heesa Cole Porter Songbook, waxay duubi doontaa taxane badan oo heeso ah, iyada oo tarjumeysa muusigga halabuurayaasha Mareykanka ee waaweyn sida Cole Porter, George iyo Ira Gershwin, Rodgers & Hart, Duke Ellington, Harold Arlen, Jerome Kern iyo Johnny Mercer.
Albaabka sharafta leh ee kasbaday Fitzgerald afarteedii Grammy ee ugu horeeyay 1959 iyo 1958 ayaa sare u qaaday maqaamkeeda mid ka mid ah heesaaga waaweyn ee waqtiga oo dhan.
Siideynta ugu horreysa waxaa raacay kuwa kale oo dhowaan noqon doona albaabada caadiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan 1956-kii labadeeda ku dhuftey Louis Armstrong "Ella & Louis", iyo sidoo kale 1957-kii sida Qof Jacayl ah iyo 1958-kii "Porgy iyo Bess" sidoo kale Armstrong.
Under Grantz, Fitzgerald si joogto ah ayuu u soo wareegay, isaga oo sii daayay dhowr albam oo toos ah oo aad loo amaanay. Waxaa ka mid ah, 1960-meeyadii, bandhiga "Mack the Knife" oo ay ku illowday heesaha oo ay hagaajisay. Mid ka mid ah albaabada ugu iibsiga badan ee xirfadeeda, "Ella in Berlin", ayaa siisay heesaa fursad ay ku hesho Abaalmarinta Grammy ee Waxqabadka Codka ugu Fiican. Albaabka ayaa markii dambe la galiyay Grammy Hall of Fame 1999kii.
Verve waxaa laga iibiyay MGM sannadkii 1963-kii, iyo 1967-kii Fitzgerald waxay isku aragtay iyada oo shaqaynaysa heshiis la'aan. Dhowrka sano ee soo socda, waxay u duubtay heeso dhowr calaamadood sida Capitol, Atlantic iyo Reprise. Albamadeedu waxay sidoo kale kobceen sannado badan iyada oo dib u cusbooneysiinaysa riwaayadeeda heeso pop iyo dhagaxyo casri ah sida Cream's "Sunshine of Your Love" iyo Beatles'"Hey Jude".
U shaqaynta Pablo Records
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sannadadeedii dambe ayaa mar kale lagu calaamadiyay saamaynta Granz ka dib markii uu aasaasay calaamadda madaxbannaan ee Pablo Records. Albaabka tooska ah ee Jazz ee Santa Monica Civic '72, kaas oo ka soo muuqday Ella Fitzgerald, pianist Tommy Flanagan, iyo Count Basie Orchestra, ayaa caan ku helay iibka dalabka boostada waxayna ka caawisay bilaabista calaamadda Grantz.
Albums badan ayaa la socday intii lagu jiray 70-meeyadii iyo 80-meeyadii, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ay ku lammaaneeyeen fannaanka fanaaniinta sida Basie, Oscar Peterson iyo Joe Pass.
In kasta oo cudurka macaanku uu saameyntiisa ku yeeshay indhaheeda iyo wadnaheeda, kuna qasbay inay ka nasato waxqabadka, Fitzgerald waxay had iyo jeer sii haysataa qaabkeeda farxadeed iyo dareenka lulaynta weyn. Ka fogaanshaha masraxa, waxay nafteeda u hurtay inay caawiso dhalinyarada danyarta ah waxayna ka qayb qaadatay samafal kala duwan.
Sannadkii 1979-kii, waxay billad sharaf ka heshay Xarunta Farshaxanka ee Kennedy. Sidoo kale 1987-kii, Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan ayaa ku abaalmariyay billadda Fanka Qaranka.
Abaalmarino kale ayaa raacay, oo ay ku jiraan abaalmarinta "Taliyaha Farshaxanka iyo Akhriska" ee Faransiiska, iyo sidoo kale shahaado sharafyo badan oo ka socda Yale, Harvard, Dartmouth, iyo machadyo kale.
Kadib bandhig faneed ka dhacay Hallka Carnegie ee New York sanadkii 1991, way ka fariisatay. Fitzgerald waxay dhimatay Juun 15, 1996 gurigeeda oo ku yaal Beverly Hills, California. Tobannaankii sano ee laga soo bilaabo dhimashadeeda, Fitzgerald sumcaddeeda mid ka mid ah tirooyinka ugu saamaynta badan ee lagu aqoonsan karo jazz iyo muusigga caanka ah ayaa kordhay oo keliya.
Waxay weli tahay magac qoys oo adduunka oo dhan ah waxayna heshay tiro abaal-marinno dhimis ah, oo ay ku jiraan Grammy iyo Billadda Madax-bannaanida.
