Samaynta tiyaatarka opera qaranka Yukreeniyaan la xidhiidha magaca Oksana Andreevna Petrusenko. Kaliya 6 sano oo gaaban Oksana Petrusenko ayaa ku qaatay masraxa opera Kyiv. Laakiin sannadihii la soo dhaafay, oo ay ka buuxsameen raadin hal abuur leh iyo shaqo dhiirigelin leh, waxay ku guuleysatay meel sharaf leh oo ka mid ah sayidyada fanka Yukreeniyaanka sida: M. I. Litvinenko-Wolgemut, S. M. Gaidai, M. I. Donets, I. S. Patorzhinsky, Yu. S. Kiporenko-Damansky iyo kuwa kale.
Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, magaca Oksana Petrusenko noqday mid aad loo jecel yahay ma aha oo kaliya ee Ukraine, laakiin sidoo kale dibadda, halkaas oo ay ku soo bandhigtay bandhigyo ama riwaayado. Sirta guusheeda waxay ku jirtay niyad-jab iyo daacadnimo waxqabadkeeda, dareenka firfircoon ee Oksana Andreevna uu awooday inuu soo gudbiyo quruxda heesaha dadweynaha, qoto dheer ee dareenka halyeeyada opera. Oksana Petrusenko wuxuu lahaa karti uu ku kiciyo farxad sharaf leh daawadayaasha, si uu u diiriyo quluubta dadka.
Carruurnimada iyo dhalinyarada Atariishada Oksana Petrusenko
Ksenia Borodavkina waxa uu ku dhashay on February 18, 1900 ee Balaklava (Sevastopol u dhow). Aabaheed, Andrei Borodavka, wuxuu ka yimid Malaya Balakliya, gobolka Kharkov. Waxa uu gaadhay Sevastopol isaga oo uga mahadcelinaya adeeggiisa badmaaxnimada ee Badda Madow ee Fleet, halkaas oo magaciisa dambe dib loogu qoray Wartkin. Xenia hooyadeed, Maria Kuleshova, waxay ka timid gobolka Oryol.
Waxay ka timid aabaheed, oo lahaa cod qurux badan, in Ksenia ay heshay tayada heesaha. In kasta oo gabadhu aanay si dhab ah u garanayn aabbaheed. Gu'gii 1901-dii ayuu u dhintay cudurka qaaxada. Hooyo mar kale ayay guursatay, laakiin ninkii cusbaa aad buu u cabbay. Laga soo bilaabo da'da 14, Ksenia waxay maalin kasta ka shaqeysay dekedda Sevastopol, waxay ku heesi jirtay heesaha kaniisadda iyo riwaayadaha hiwaayadda. Markii ay 18 jir ahayd, ayay guriga uga soo carartay muusigga iyo kooxda riwaayadaha ee Stepan Glazunenko. Sidaas ayay ku bilaabatay nolosheeda dalxiiska.
Laba bilood ka dib, koodhka askariga iyo kabaha askarta, Ksenia ayaa ka soo muuqatay tiyaatarka Kherson, kaas oo uu madax u ahaa Ivan Sagatovsky. Inantii ayuu ka aqbalay kooxda. Xaaskiisa (Ekaterina Luchitskaya) ayaa ballan qaaday inay barato aktarada da'da yar ee aasaasiga ah ee dabeecadda masraxa. Iyadoo aan lahayn waxbarasho gaar ah, waxay baratay qaybaha opera Zaporozhets ee ka baxsan Danube (S. Gulak-Artemovsky) iyo Natalka Poltavka (N. Lysenko) dhegta. Waxay qaaday sidii hal-abuur-qaade heesaha qaraamiga ah. Waxay sidoo kale ku guulaysatey qaybta kakan ee Tamara falkii ugu dambeeyay ee opera The Demon (by A. Rubinstein).
Bilawga dariiqa hal-abuurka
Ka tagista Sevastopol oo leh mid ka mid ah kooxaha Yukreeniyaanka guurguura, Oksana Andreevna dayrtii 1918 waxay ku biirtay kooxda Masraxa Riwaayadda Ukraine, kaas oo uu hagayay I. L. Saratovsky. Waxay ahayd marxalad muhiim u ah nolosha hal-abuurka fannaanka.
Masraxa, waxay heshay saaxiibo iyo lataliyeyaal dhab ah, waxay baratay aasaaska adag ee wax ku oolka ah ee masraxa. Halkan waxaa ku horumaray awoodeeda muusiga iyo codka. I.L. Saratovsky iyo madaxa meydka KL Luzhitskaya Oksana waxay tixgeliyeen macallimiin waxayna sii wadaan xiriir diiran iyaga. P.P. Boychenko (koobiyaha masraxa) ayaa si nidaamsan u bartay qaybo ka mid ah Petrusenko.
Si kal iyo laab ah ayuu ardaygiisii hibada u lahaa, muddo ka dib waxay noqotay xaaskiisii. Laakin guurku ma sii waarin muran iyo ismaandhaaf joogto ah oo ku saabsan hal-abuurka. Sanadkii 1920, Oksana Andreevna, oo qayb ka ah kooxda I. L. Saratovsky, waxay la tagtay riwaayadaha Perekop Front.
Sannadkii 1922, waxay mar kale ka shaqeysay koox uu maamulo I. L. Saratovsky. Xiisihii dhegaystayaasha ayaa si degdeg ah hoos ugu dhacay. Oksana Andreevna waxay dareentay baahida loo qabo in la hagaajiyo xirfadeeda codka xitaa in ka badan. Waxay sidoo kale ku riyootay waxbarasho dhab ah oo nidaamsan, sidaas darteed waxay tagtay Kyiv. 1924-kiina waxay noqotay arday ka mid ah kulliyadaha codka ee Machadka Muusikada iyo Riwaayadda ee Gobolka. N. Lysenko.
Safar
Ka dib, Oksana Petrusenko ayaa lagu martiqaaday masraxa "Sower". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 1926 ayay mar kale ku soo noqotay masraxa hooyo, agaasime I. L. Saratovsky. Halkan waxa ay inta badan kula kulantay coryphaeus ee masraxa Yukreeniyaan P. K. Saksagansky, kuwaas oo halkan u yimid dalxiis. Farshaxan weyn ayaa si xiiso leh u daawaday shaqada dhalinyarada Oksana, iyada oo kula talisay, oo shaaca ka qaaday siraha sirta ah ee farshaxanka dhabta ah.
1926-1927. tiyaatarka I. L. Saratovsky ayaa ku soo booqday magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Volga - Saratov, Samara, Kazan, iwm iyada, tani waa imtixaan cusub oo ah xoogagga hal-abuurka ah. Saratov, Oksana Andreevna waxay la kulantay kulamo xiiso leh oo leh tirooyinka xirfadlayaasha ah ee guriga opera. Mid ka mid ah waa kirishbooyada caanka ah Ya. A. Posen, ka labaadna waa kireystaha operatic M.E. Medvedev. Medvedev iyo Posen labaduba waa dad ku bakhaylay ammaanta oo aan awoodin inay ammaanaan. Laakiin, markii uu dhegaystay Oksana Andreevna bandhigyo dhowr ah, farshaxannadu ma aysan celin shucuurtooda ama bogaadinta kartideeda. Waxay kula taliyeen Petrusenko inuu tago masraxa opera, halkaas oo ay ku muujin karto hodannimada codka opera.
Oksana Petrusenko: Xirfadda Opera
Intii lagu guda jiray safarka masraxa ee Kazan, Oksana Petrusenko wuxuu aqbalay dalabka hoggaanka Masraxa Opera Kazan si uu ugu heeso qaybta Oksana ee opera Cherevichki (P. Tchaikovsky). Markii ugu horeysay ee guul leh, waxay ku biirtay masraxa.
Laga soo bilaabo wakhtigaas wuxuu bilaabay xilliga "opera" ee waxqabadka masraxa ee Petrusenko. Waxay ku dhammaatay iyada oo dib ugu soo laabatay marxaladda Yukreeniyaan iyada oo horay loo aqoonsaday master of opera. Aqoonta Oksana Andreevna oo leh farshaxan V.D. Moskalenko ayaa iska leh xilliga Kazan, oo ay ugu dhakhsaha badan guursatay. Markii hore, V.D. Moskalenko ayaa wax badan ka caawiyay fannaanka barashada codkeeda.
Laga soo bilaabo 1927 ilaa 1929 Oksana Andreevna wuxuu heesay qaybo badan oo kala duwan oo opera ah marxaladda Kazan. Waxaa ka mid ahaa qaybaha Aida ee opera Aida (D. Verdi). Sidoo kale Lisa iyo Tatyana oo ka socda operas The Queen of Spades iyo Eugene Onegin (P. Tchaikovsky), iwm Laga bilaabo 1929-1931. farshaxanku wuxuu ku soo bandhigay masraxa Opera Sverdlovsk.
Sanadkii 1931, fanaanku wuxuu u guuray Samara, halkaas oo ay ka shaqeysay guriga opera ilaa 1934. Riwaayadda heesaagu waxa ka mid ahaa doorar tiro badan oo ka mid ah operasyadii qadiimiga ahaa iyo kuwa Ruushka. Farshaxanka Masraxa Riwaayadda ee Yukreeniyaan wuxuu noqday heesaa xirfadle ah. U gudubka Oksana Andreevna ee marxaladda opera Yukreeniyaan wuxuu ahaa mid dabiici ah oo sharci ah.
Sanadkii 1934-kii, caasimadda Ukraine ayaa laga soo wareejiyay Kharkov loona wareejiyay Kyiv. Iyo ciidamada farshaxanka ugu fiican ee Ukraine ayaa soo jiitay guriga opera, Oksana Petrusenko ayaa sidoo kale lagu martiqaaday halkan. Waxqabadkeedii ugu horreeyay ee opera Aida (D. Verdi) isla markiiba waxay go'aamisay meesha ugu weyn ee fannaanka cusub ee kooxda masraxa.
Aqoonsi iyo guul
May 12, 1935, sannad-guuradii 75-aad ee dhalashadiisa ayaa lagu dabaaldegay jawi farxadeed oo ka dhacay guriga Kiev Opera House. Iyo sidoo kale sannad-guuradii 50-aad ee waxqabadka hal-abuurka ee P.K. Saksagansky. Sannad-guuradani waxay lahayd macne gaar ah iyo calaamad. Farshaxan caan ah ayaa u muuqday inuu u gudbinayo usha hal-abuurka ah ee guriga opera ee da'da yar. Falalka koowaad iyo saddexaad ee opera Natalka Poltavka ayaa lagu soo bandhigay fiidkii sannad-guurada.
Doorka Vozny waxaa ciyaaray P. K. Saksagansky iyo A. M. Buchma, doorka Natasha waxaa ciyaaray M. I. Litvinenko-Wolgemut iyo O.A. Petrusenko, doorka Vyborny waxaa ciyaaray M. I. Donets iyo I. S. Patorzhinsky. Laga soo bilaabo wakhtigaas, magaca Oksana Andreevna Petrusenko ayaa soo ifbaxay magacyada sayidyada caanka ah ee goobta opera Yukreeniyaan.
In ka yar 10 sano ayaa ka soo wareegay tan iyo markii la abuuray Kiev Opera House, markii bishii March 1936 kooxda da'da yar ay soo bandhigeen guulaha fanka ee Ukraine ee Ukraine tobankii sano ee ugu horeysay ee Moscow. Kievans waxay soo bandhigeen saddex bandhig oo ku saabsan masraxa Tiyaatarka Bolshoi: "Cossack ka baxsan Danube" (S. Gulak-Artemovsky), "Natalka Poltavka" (N. Lysenko) iyo "The Snow Maiden" (N. Rimsky-Korsakov). . Fannaanka opera wuxuu ku mashquulsan yahay saddex riwaayadood - qaybaha Daria, Natalia iyo Kupava, dabeecad ahaan kala duwan. Farshaxanistaha waxaa la siiyay fursad ay ku muujiso kartideeda heerka hodanka ah iyo kartida cod bixinta.
Caannimada fanaanka
Bandhig faneedka ay fannaanada ku soo bandhigtay toban maalmood ayaa soo jiitay dareenka bahda fanka. Waxay noqotay marti soo dhawayn leh hoolalka riwaayadaha ee Leningrad, Moscow iyo magaalooyinka kale. Hoggaanka Tiyaatarka Bolshoi wuxuu Oksana Andreevna u soo bandhigay inuu tago masraxa Moscow. Laakiin ka dib markii xoogaa shaki ah, waxay go'aansatay in aysan ka tagin masraxa Kiev, oo ay dareentay in ay ku xiran tahay.
Sanadihii ugu dambeeyay ee nolosheeda, atariishada caanka ah waxay ahayd mid firfircoon. Waxay diyaarisay dhowr door oo cusub, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin: Leah ee opera Shchors (B. Lyatoshinsky), Lushka ee opera Virgin Soil Upturned (I. Dzerzhinsky) iyo Natalia ee opera galay Storm (T. Khrennikova). Farshaxanku wuxuu riwaayado ku qabtay Donbass, tiyaatarada mobilada ee magaalooyinka Ukraine. Fannaanka oo leh muuqaal gaar ah ayaa ka caawiyay horumarinta bandhigyada hiwaayadda carruurta iyo bandhigyada hiwaayadda ee ciidamada Soofiyeeti.
Waxa ay xidhiidh la samaysay halabuurayaal caan ah, iyada oo si badheedh ah u qaaday heesahooda. Farshaxanku waxa uu si joogto ah marti ugu ahaa naadiga qorayaasha. Intii lagu guda jiray safar dacaayad ah oo uu ku tagay Galbeedka Ukraine 1939, Oksana wuxuu ku dhiirigeliyay heesta "My Ukraine, Ukraine" (music - D. Pokrass, lyrics - V. Lebedev-Kumach). Halabuurka ayaa noqday mid aad loo jecel yahay, dadku waxay dalbadeen waxqabadkeeda bandhig kasta. Oksana Andreevna ayaa ku heesay iyada oo aan lala socon shirkii ugu dambeeyay ee Golaha Shacabka ee Lvov. Halkaa waxaa lagu go'aamiyay in Galbeedka Ukrain la midoobo SSR Yukreeniyaan.
Geerida Fanaanada
Riwaayadii ugu dambeeyay ee opera diva aan la dhaafin ayaa ka dhacay Lvov, halkaas oo bishii Juun 1940 tiyaatarka Opera iyo Ballet loogu magac daray. T.G. Shevchenko ee magaalada Kyiv.
Bishii Luulyo 15, 1940, nolosha Oksana Petrusenko ayaa si lama filaan ah u dhammaatay. Uurka labaad ee fannaanka ayaa u noqday dilaa. July 8, 1940, Kyiv, waxay ku dhashay wiil Alexander, oo u dhintay si lama filaan ah toddobaad ka dib. Nooca rasmiga ah waa xinjir dhiig oo si lama filaan ah u "jaray". Waxaa la isla dhex marayey in sababta dhimashadu ay tahay sun. Xaaska Marshal Timoshenko, oo xiiso u yeeshay fannaanka oo doonayay in uu geeyo Moscow, ayaa laaluushay kalkaalisada, iyada oo ka cabsanaysa in ninkeedu ka tago.
Oksana Petrusenko: Xaqiiqooyin xiiso leh
Markii asxaabteeda iyo macaamiisheeda lagu dhawaaqay cadawga dadka, agaasimaha tiyaatarka, Yanovsky, inta lagu guda jiro su'aalaha, ayaa sheegay in Oksana Petrusenko uu u socdaalayo Talyaaniga. Oo malaha maaha kaliya dalxiis. Eedayntan ayaa markaas ahayd mid habaaran. Oksana waxay go'aansatay inaysan sugin qiyaamaha iyada. Xadhiga ayay qaadatay oo siddo ka samaysay. Saaxiibkii Alla ayaa helay iyada oo qoorta uu sanka kaga xidhan yahay. Begichev. Isla habeenkii, labada dumar ah ayaa si qarsoodi ah u aaday Moscow. Waxaa jira version Voroshilov difaacay heesaagiisa uu jecel yahay. Waxaa dib loogu soo celiyay shaqada.
Inkasta oo xaasidnimada gabdhaha saaxiibada ah ee waxbarashada, ma jirin wax kuraas ah oo ku yaala hoolka bandhigyada iyada oo ka qaybqaadashada Petrusenko. Opera diva waxay saaxiibo la ahaayeen Pavel Tychina, Maxim Rylsky, Vladimir Sosiura. Waxaa loo sameeyay fanaankii aan la aqoon ee Ekaterina Bilokur. Waxay ka heshay Stalin kaarka boostada. Ma aysan aqbalin martiqaadka ah in ay u guurto Moscow oo ay noqoto soloist ee Tiyaatarka Bolshoi.
Muddada Yukreeniyaan ee dariiqa hal-abuurka adag ee Oksana Petrusenko ma fududa - ammaanta qaranka oo leh khatar weyn. Waqtigaas, Marshal Semyon Timoshenko wuxuu taliyey degmo ciidan oo gaar ah oo ku taal Kyiv. Uma badna in uu ahaa masraxa dhabta ah. Waqtigii Stalin, waxaa jiray caado ka mid ah dadka caanka ah ee xisbiga - in ay doortaan marwada ka mid ah heesaha ama jilayaasha. Kadib Marshal Timoshenko wuxuu si joogto ah u ahaa Oksana Petrusenko. Waxaa jiray bouquets of roses cas, eegno weligeed jecel ka daawadayaasha. Ma jiro wax war ah oo ku saabsan in fanaanku aqbalay haasaawaha sarkaal ka tirsan ciidamada.
Inkasta oo ay karti iyo magac weyn, Oksana Petrusenko ayaa weli ah naag fudud oo daacad ah. Waxay u muujisay adduunka tayada Ekaterina Bilokur. Farshaxankii asalka ahaa, markii uu maqlay heeso dadwayne ah oo uu sameeyay Oksana Petrusenko raadiyaha, wuxuu u qoray warqad uu ku codsanayo caawinaad, oo ay ku jiraan sawirro badan oo iyada ah. Oksana waxay warqaddan siisay khabiirada Aqalka Dhexe ee Farshaxanka. Oo komishan ayaa u yimid Ekaterina Bilokur, muddo ka dib Paris waxay horeyba u jeclayd sawiradeeda.
Aaska
Julaay 17, 1940-kii, aaska ayaa fidiyay dhowr kiilo mitir. Oksana Petrusenko ayaa lagu aasay qabuuraha Baykove ee Kyiv, oo ku xigta kaniisadda. Markii laga soo saaray hoyga opera-ga maalintii xafladda aaska, Kyiv waxay la kulantay iyada oo aad u sacab badan, sidii nolosheeda oo kale. Dad aad u tiro badan oo aan hore loo arag ayaa mawjad aad u weyn ku raacay donna prima donna ilaa qabuuraha Baikove. "Nightingale Yukreeniyaan" wuu aamusay, sheekadii iyo murankuna waa sii socdeen. Sannadkii 2010, oo ku yaal facade ee Masraxa Riwaayadda Ruushka ee Sevastopol. Lunacharsky, huurada xusuusta ayaa la furay. Laba bilood gudahood ayaa waxaa burburiyay kooxo qaswadayaal ah.
